Staatliches Bauhaus, commonly known as
Bauhaus, was a school in Germany that combined crafts and fine arts, and was
famous for the approach to design that it publicized and taught. It operated
from 1919 to 1933. At that time the German term Bauhaus, literally “house of
construction”, stood for ‘school of building”. The Bauhaus school was founded
by Walter Gropius in Weimar. In spite of the fact he was an architect, the
Bauhaus school didn’t have architecture department during the first years of
its existence. Nonetheless it was
founded with the idea of creating a "total" work of art in which all
arts, including architecture, would eventually be brought together. The Bauhaus
style became one of the most influential currents in Modernist architecture and
modern design. The Bauhaus had a profound influence upon subsequent
developments in art, architecture, graphic design, interior design, industrial design,
and typography.
There is also a
Bauhaus typeface. The Bauhaus typeface design is based on Herbert Bayer's 1925 experimental ‘Universal’ typeface. Bayer
studied for four years at the Bauhaus. In the spirit of reductive minimalism, Herbert Bayer
developed a crisp visual style and adopted use of all lowercase, sans serif typefaces for most Bauhaus publications. Bayer is one of several typographers
of the period including Kurt Schwitters and Jan Tschichold who experimented with the creation of a simplified more
phonetic-based alphabet. From 1925 to 1930 Bayer designed a geometric sans-serif proposal for a Universal Typeface that
existed only as a design and was never actually cast into real type. These
designs are now issued in digital form as Bayer Universal. The design also inspired ITC Bauhaus and Architype Bayer, which bears comparison with the stylistically related
typeface Architype Schwitters. ITC
Bauhaus was designed by Ed Benguiat and Victor Caruso in 1975. Inheriting the simple geometric shapes and
monotone stroke weights of Herbert Bayer's universal, it includes separate upper and lower case characters.
5 weights of roman fonts were made for this family. Another variant of Bayer’s Universal Alphabet
is Blippo, resembling ITC Bauhaus in design, ITC Ronda in proportion and fit, prepared by FotoStar in the mid 1970s.
Grid Systems
In graphic
design, a grid is a structure
(usually two-dimensional) made up of a series of intersecting straight (vertical,
horizontal, and angular) or curved guide lines used to structure content. The
grid serves as an armature on which a designer can organize graphic elements (images,glyphs, paragraphs) in a rational, easy to absorb manner. A grid can be use to
organize graphic elements in relation to a page, in relation to other graphic
elements on the page, or relation to other parts of the same graphic element
or shape.
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